Glossary of Terms
This glossary provides definitions for technical terms used throughout the Qwello documentation.
A
AI (Artificial Intelligence)
A field of computer science focused on creating systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation. Qwello uses AI for entity extraction, relationship identification, and knowledge graph construction.
API (Application Programming Interface)
A set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate with each other. Qwello provides a REST API that enables programmatic interaction with the platform.
Attribute
A property or characteristic associated with an entity or relationship in a knowledge graph. Attributes provide additional information about entities and relationships, such as descriptions, dates, or numerical values.
Authentication
The process of verifying the identity of a user, system, or application. Qwello uses JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for secure authentication.
Authorization
The process of determining whether an authenticated user has permission to access specific resources or perform certain actions. Qwello implements role-based access control (RBAC) for authorization.
B
Backend
The server-side component of a software application that handles data processing, business logic, and database operations. Qwello's backend is built with NestJS and TypeScript.
Batch Processing
The processing of multiple items (such as documents) as a group rather than individually. Qwello supports batch processing of documents for efficient handling of large document sets.
Bidirectional Relationship
A relationship between entities that applies in both directions, though possibly with different meanings. For example, if Entity A is "related to" Entity B, then Entity B is also "related to" Entity A.
C
Cache
A temporary storage location that stores copies of frequently accessed data to improve performance. Qwello uses Redis for caching to enhance response times.
Chunking
The process of breaking down large documents or data into smaller, more manageable pieces for processing. Qwello uses chunking to efficiently process large documents.
Clustering
In knowledge graphs: The grouping of entities based on similar characteristics or relationships.
In deployment: A group of servers working together to provide high availability and scalability.
Confidence Score
A numerical value (typically between 0 and 1) that indicates the system's certainty about an extracted entity, relationship, or attribute. Higher values indicate greater confidence.
Container
A lightweight, standalone, executable software package that includes everything needed to run a piece of software, including the code, runtime, system tools, libraries, and settings. Qwello uses Docker containers for deployment.
Context Window
The amount of surrounding text considered when analyzing a specific portion of text. A larger context window allows for better understanding of relationships between distant parts of a document.
D
Dashboard
A user interface that provides a visual display of key metrics, data points, and information. Qwello's dashboard offers an overview of processed documents, knowledge graphs, and system status.
Data Extraction
The process of retrieving structured information from unstructured or semi-structured data sources. Qwello extracts entities, relationships, and attributes from documents.
Database
A structured collection of data organized for efficient storage, retrieval, and management. Qwello uses MongoDB as its primary database for storing documents and knowledge graphs.
Document Processing
The series of operations performed on a document to extract and analyze its content. In Qwello, this includes text extraction, entity recognition, relationship identification, and knowledge graph construction.
Docker
A platform that uses containerization technology to package applications and their dependencies together. Qwello is deployed using Docker containers for consistency across different environments.
E
Edge
In graph theory, a connection between two nodes (vertices) in a graph. In Qwello's knowledge graph, edges represent relationships between entities.
Entity
A distinct object, concept, person, organization, or other item of interest identified in a document. Entities are represented as nodes in Qwello's knowledge graph.
Entity Extraction
The process of identifying and classifying entities (such as people, organizations, locations, etc.) within text. Also known as Named Entity Recognition (NER).
Entity Type
A classification or category for entities with similar characteristics. Common entity types in Qwello include Person, Organization, Location, Concept, and Event.
Environment Variable
A variable whose value is set outside the program, typically through the operating system or container configuration. Qwello uses environment variables for configuration.
F
Frontend
The client-side component of a software application that users interact with directly. Qwello's frontend is built with React and TypeScript.
Force-Directed Graph
A type of graph layout algorithm that simulates physical forces to position nodes in a visually appealing way. Qwello uses force-directed layouts for knowledge graph visualization.
Full-Text Search
A technique for searching through the complete text content of documents rather than just metadata or specific fields. Qwello provides full-text search capabilities for documents and knowledge graphs.
G
Graph Database
A database designed to store and query data in the form of nodes, edges, and properties. While Qwello uses MongoDB for storage, it organizes knowledge in a graph structure.
Graph Query Language
A specialized query language designed for retrieving and manipulating data in graph databases. Qwello provides a graph query interface for complex knowledge graph searches.
Graph Traversal
The process of visiting (checking and/or updating) each node in a graph. Different traversal algorithms (depth-first, breadth-first, etc.) are used depending on the specific requirements.
H
Hierarchical Layout
A graph visualization layout that arranges nodes in a tree-like structure, emphasizing parent-child relationships. Qwello offers hierarchical layouts for certain types of knowledge graphs.
High Availability
A characteristic of a system designed to ensure a certain level of operational performance, usually uptime, for a higher than normal period. Qwello's enterprise deployment supports high availability configurations.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
The foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. Qwello's API uses HTTP for client-server communication.
I
Index
A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database at the cost of additional storage space and maintenance overhead. Qwello uses indexes to optimize search performance.
Inference
The process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true. In Qwello, inference is used to identify implicit relationships between entities.
Integration
The process of combining different subsystems or components into a single unified system. Qwello provides various integration options including API, webhooks, and connectors.
J
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
A lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate. Qwello uses JSON for API requests and responses.
JWT (JSON Web Token)
A compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. Qwello uses JWTs for authentication and secure information exchange.
K
Knowledge Discovery
The process of identifying valid, novel, potentially useful, and ultimately understandable patterns in data. Qwello facilitates knowledge discovery through its knowledge graph capabilities.
Knowledge Extraction
The process of deriving structured information from unstructured or semi-structured data sources. Qwello extracts knowledge from documents to build knowledge graphs.
Knowledge Graph
A structured representation of knowledge that consists of entities, their attributes, and the relationships between them. Qwello creates knowledge graphs from document content.
Kubernetes
An open-source container orchestration platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Qwello supports Kubernetes for enterprise deployments.
L
Large Language Model (LLM)
A type of AI model trained on vast amounts of text data that can understand and generate human-like text. Qwello uses LLMs for advanced text understanding and knowledge extraction.
Layout Algorithm
An algorithm that determines the positioning of nodes and edges in a graph visualization. Qwello offers multiple layout algorithms for different visualization needs.
Load Balancing
The process of distributing network traffic across multiple servers to ensure no single server bears too much demand. Qwello uses load balancing for high-availability deployments.
M
Metadata
Data that provides information about other data. In Qwello, document metadata includes information such as title, author, creation date, and tags.
Microservices
An architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services. Qwello's architecture incorporates microservices principles for scalability and maintainability.
MongoDB
A document-oriented NoSQL database used for high-volume data storage. Qwello uses MongoDB to store documents, knowledge graphs, and user data.
N
Named Entity Recognition (NER)
A subtask of information extraction that seeks to locate and classify named entities in text into predefined categories such as person names, organizations, locations, etc. Qwello uses NER as part of its entity extraction process.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
A field of AI that focuses on the interaction between computers and human language. Qwello uses NLP techniques for text analysis and understanding.
NestJS
A progressive Node.js framework for building efficient, reliable, and scalable server-side applications. Qwello's backend is built with NestJS.
Node
In graph theory, a point or vertex in a graph. In Qwello's knowledge graph, nodes represent entities.
O
OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
The electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten, or printed text into machine-encoded text. Qwello uses OCR to extract text from scanned documents.
On-Premises Deployment
Installation and running of software on computers within the physical premises of an organization rather than in a remote facility such as a cloud or data center. Qwello offers on-premises deployment options.
Ontology
A formal naming and definition of the categories, properties, and relations between concepts, data, and entities that substantiate one or many domains of discourse. Qwello uses ontologies to structure knowledge graphs.
P
PDF (Portable Document Format)
A file format developed by Adobe to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Qwello primarily processes PDF documents.
Persistence
The characteristic of data that outlives the process that created it. In Qwello, knowledge graphs and document data are persisted in MongoDB.
Plugin
A software component that adds a specific feature to an existing computer program. Qwello supports plugins to extend its functionality.
Processing Pipeline
A series of data processing elements connected in series, where the output of one element is the input of the next. Qwello uses processing pipelines for document analysis and knowledge graph construction.
Q
Query
A request for information from a database or system. Qwello supports various query methods for searching and retrieving information from knowledge graphs.
Queue
A data structure that follows the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle. Qwello uses queues (implemented with Bull and Redis) for managing asynchronous processing tasks.
R
RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)
An approach to restricting system access to authorized users based on roles. Qwello implements RBAC for managing user permissions.
React
A JavaScript library for building user interfaces. Qwello's frontend is built with React.
Redis
An in-memory data structure store used as a database, cache, and message broker. Qwello uses Redis for caching and queue management.
Relationship
A connection or association between two entities in a knowledge graph. Relationships are represented as edges in Qwello's knowledge graph.
Relationship Extraction
The process of identifying semantic relationships between entities mentioned in text. Qwello extracts relationships to build comprehensive knowledge graphs.
REST (Representational State Transfer)
An architectural style for designing networked applications. Qwello provides a RESTful API for integration with other systems.
S
Scalability
The capability of a system to handle a growing amount of work, or its potential to be enlarged to accommodate that growth. Qwello is designed for horizontal and vertical scalability.
Schema
A structure that defines the organization of data in a database. Qwello uses flexible schemas to accommodate different types of documents and knowledge structures.
Search Index
A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database. Qwello maintains search indexes for efficient document and knowledge graph searching.
Semantic Analysis
The process of understanding the meaning and interpretation of words, phrases, and sentences. Qwello uses semantic analysis to extract meaningful information from text.
SSO (Single Sign-On)
An authentication scheme that allows a user to log in with a single ID and password to gain access to multiple related systems. Qwello supports SSO integration for enterprise deployments.
T
Text Extraction
The process of obtaining text content from documents, which may be in various formats such as PDF, images, or HTML. Qwello extracts text from documents as the first step in processing.
Token
In authentication: A piece of data that represents authorization to perform an action or access a resource.
In NLP: A sequence of characters that forms a meaningful unit for processing.
Traversal
The process of visiting each node in a graph or tree data structure. Different traversal algorithms are used in Qwello for different types of graph operations.
TypeScript
A programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft that adds static typing to JavaScript. Qwello is built with TypeScript for both frontend and backend.
U
UI (User Interface)
The space where interactions between humans and machines occur. Qwello's UI is designed for intuitive interaction with documents and knowledge graphs.
UX (User Experience)
The overall experience of a person using a product, especially in terms of how easy or pleasing it is to use. Qwello emphasizes good UX design for efficient knowledge work.
UUID (Universally Unique Identifier)
A 128-bit label used for information in computer systems. Qwello uses UUIDs to identify entities and relationships in knowledge graphs.
V
Validation
The process of checking if data satisfies specified requirements. Qwello implements validation for user inputs, API requests, and document processing.
Vector Database
A database designed to store and query vector embeddings, which are mathematical representations of data used in machine learning. Qwello uses vector representations for semantic search capabilities.
Visualization
The graphical representation of data or concepts. Qwello provides interactive visualizations of knowledge graphs.
W
Webhook
A method of augmenting or altering the behavior of a web page or web application with custom callbacks. Qwello provides webhooks for integration with external systems.
Worker
A process that performs tasks asynchronously, typically in the background. Qwello uses workers for document processing and knowledge graph generation.
X
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
A markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. Qwello can process XML data in certain contexts.
Y
YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language)
A human-readable data serialization standard that is commonly used for configuration files. Qwello uses YAML for certain configuration files, especially in Kubernetes deployments.
Z
Zero-shot Learning
A machine learning paradigm where a model can recognize objects or concepts it has never seen during training. Qwello leverages zero-shot capabilities of large language models for flexible entity and relationship extraction.
Zonal OCR
An OCR technique that focuses on specific zones or regions of a document for text extraction. Qwello uses zonal OCR for processing structured documents with defined layouts.
Special Terms
Entity Confidence
A measure of the system's certainty that an identified entity is correct and relevant. Qwello assigns confidence scores to extracted entities.
Knowledge Graph Density
A measure of how interconnected the entities in a knowledge graph are. Higher density indicates more relationships between entities.
Processing Status
The current state of a document in the processing pipeline. Qwello tracks document status as: uploaded, processing, completed, or failed.
Relationship Confidence
A measure of the system's certainty that an identified relationship between entities is correct. Qwello assigns confidence scores to extracted relationships.
Semantic Search
A search technique that considers the contextual meaning of search terms rather than just keyword matching. Qwello provides semantic search capabilities for knowledge graphs.
This glossary covers the key technical terms used throughout the Qwello documentation. If you encounter a term that is not included here, please refer to the specific documentation section where the term is used or contact support for clarification.
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